Showing posts with label Carbohydrates. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Carbohydrates. Show all posts

Glycemic Load - The Sign board to smart Diet

You take two foods with same carb count, but blood Glucose response they give is different.  So Additional knowledge about food intake is required and how much it increases Blood Glucose is more important. And Here comes Glycemic Load, the sign board  to Smart Diet
History
Foods with carbohydrates that break down quickly during digestion and release glucose rapidly into the bloodstream tend to have a high GI. Foods with carbohydrates that break down more slowly, releasing glucose more gradually into the bloodstream, tend to have a low GI. The concept was developed by Dr. David J. Jenkins and colleagues. The GI was invented in 1981 by Dr Thomas Wolever and Dr David Jenkins at the University of Toronto and is a measure of how quickly a food containing 25 or 50 grams of carbohydrate raises blood-glucose levels. Because some foods typically have a low carbohydrate content, Harvard researchers created the GL, which takes into account the amount of carbohydrates in a given serving of a food and so provides a more useful measure.

What is Glycemic Index
The GI represents the total rise in a person's blood sugar level following consumption of the food. The glycemic index or glycaemic index (GI) is a number associated with a particular type of food that indicates the food's effect on a person's blood glucose (also called blood sugar) level. The number typically ranges between 50 and 100, where 100 represents the standard, an equivalent amount of pure glucose.

What is Glycemic Load
The glycemic load (GL) of food is a number that estimates how much the food will raise a person's blood glucose level after eating it. One unit of glycemic load approximates the effect of consuming one gram of glucose.  Glycemic load accounts for how much carbohydrate is in the food and how much each gram of carbohydrate in the food raises blood glucose levels. Glycemic load is based on the glycemic index (GI), and is defined as the grams of available carbohydrate in the food times the food's GI.

How GI is Determined
The glycemic index of a food is defined as the incremental area under the two-hour blood glucose response curve (AUC) following a 12-hour fast and ingestion of a food with a certain quantity of available carbohydrate (usually 50 g). The AUC of the test food is divided by the AUC of the standard (either glucose or white bread, giving two different definitions) and multiplied by 100. The average GI value is calculated from data collected in 10 human subjects. Both the standard and test food must contain an equal amount of available carbohydrate. The result gives a relative ranking for each tested food.

Weight control
Recent animal research provides compelling evidence that high-GI carbohydrate is associated with increased risk of obesity. In one study, male rats were split into high- and low-GI groups over 18 weeks while mean body weight was maintained. Rats fed the high-GI diet were 71% fatter and had 8% less lean body mass than the low-GI group. Post-meal glycemia and insulin levels were significantly higher, and plasma triglycerides were threefold greater in the high-GI-fed rats. Furthermore, pancreatic islet cells suffered "severely disorganized architecture and extensive fibrosis.". So GI  significance in Weight and Obesity Control is well established.

Other Effects
Recent scientific evidence have shown that individuals who followed a low-GI diet over many years were at a significantly lower risk for developing both type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and age-related muscular degeneration than others.

In the past, postprandial hyperglycemia has been considered a risk factor associated mainly with diabetes. However, more recent evidence shows that it also presents an increased risk for atherosclerosis in the non-diabetic population.

High GI diets,  high blood-sugar levels more generally, and diabetes are related to kidney disease as well.

A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that age-related adult muscular degeneration (AMD), which leads to blindness, is 42% higher among people with a high-GI diet, and concluded that eating a lower-GI diet would eliminate 20% of AMD cases.

Accuracy
Glycemic index charts often give only one value per food, but variations are possible due to variety of reasons:
  1. Ripeness (riper fruits contain more sugars increasing GI)
  2. Cooking methods (the more cooked, or over cooked, a food the more its cellular structure is broken with a tendency for it to digest quickly and raise GI more)
  3. Processing (e.g., flour has a higher GI than the whole grain from which it is ground as grinding breaks the grain's protective layers).
  4. Length of Storage
  5. Individual Response Glycemic response is different from one person to another, and also in the same person from day to day, depending on blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, and other factors
  6. Time Period Most of the values on the glycemic index do not show the impact on glucose levels after two hours. Some people with diabetes may have elevated levels after four hours
Conclusion
It makes more sense to track Glycemic Load than, just do carb counting or Calorie Intake. A diabetic will be able to better manage the Food intake and hence greater control  over Blood Glucose.
Mobile Application
Mobile Application with Glycemic Load Database saves you from carrying a catalog of foods with Glycemic Load or Glycemic Index Everywhere. It also helps in tracking other parameters and analyze the Data in terms of list or chart and spot trends or spikes.  Diabetes App with Preloaded Glycemic Food Database is  - Diabetiga Diabetes GL Track.  Diabetiga provides tools to Record and Track Food  intake, Glucose Readings,  Insulin or Medication doses, Pressure, Lab Results. Diabetiga Also Provides Comprehensive list of Diabetic Calculations. Diabetiga GL is available on Google Playhttps://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=kyaliapps.Diabetiga3

Source 
Image

Diabetes Ganaka

Having diabetes, especially if you take insulin, can mean dealing with lots of numbers on a daily basis — from blood glucose level to grams of carbohydrate, insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, and correction factors. These numbers are often crucial to maintaining blood glucose control and, in the long run, preventing diabetic complications. But on a day-to-day basis, all these numbers might seem pesky or even overwhelming — especially if you’re not naturally good at math. Diabetes Ganaka is the tool to help in calculations for better Diabetes Management.

Diabetes Ganaka 1.2
Touch Screen Enabled

Diabetes Ganaka 1.1
Diabetes Ganaka is mobile based  calculator of diabetes parameters which help in diabetes management. You can use Diabetes Ganaka to work out Glucose calculations(Average Blood Glucose, Mean Plasma Glucose, Estimated Average Glucose based on HbA1c), Hidden calories Calculations(On Labeled Products), Insulin Ratios(Blood Sugar to Insulin , Carbohydrates to Insulin, Blood Sugar to Carbohydrates), Corrected Dosage (with and Without Ketones), Corrected Calcium Calculations (based on current Calcium  and Albumin levels) and Obesity calculations(BMI, BMR, Body Frame Type, Ideal Weight, Calorie Required per day, Body Fat Percentage, Obesity Level, Body Water Percentage).
KeyControl
Up and Down Arrow keys to Browse Menu. Select or center key to select the Option. On the Parameter screen ,  you  enter the data and select appropriate options. Save key is pressed to see the calculated values. When the menu key is pressed ,it opens with two options: "help and key control". Once you press the save option, your parameters are saved and calculated parameters are displayed. The application  exited by selecting Quit on the menu.
Warning
The Diabetes Ganaka is a general educational tool only  and should not be considered as substitute for medical advice. Please do not reach any conclusions based on  these results.. Consult your doctor before making any changes in your dietary habits.

Supported Phones
Supported on all Java enabled mobiles.



Obesity
The simple tools provide all the parameters like BMI, BMR, Body Frame Type, Ideal weight, Body Fat percentage, Daily Calorie needs and Total body water . It also gives the  Weight category,to which you belong, like underweight, Super Fit, Athlete, Fit, Marginal over Weight, Over Weight, Obese.
In the Input screen  , You have to enter the following.
  • Height in centimeters
  • Weight in Kilograms
  • Age in Years
  • Sex : Male/Female
  • Elbow Measurement
  • Life Style : Sedentary / Light Active/ Light Exercise / Hard Exercise /Athlete.
Body Frame Type
Between the 1950s and 1980s, frame size was considered to be a key factor in determining the best weight for an individual. Your body frame size is basically the size and density of your bone structure. You are born with a certain structure and, for the most part, it cannot be changed, so a number of health care specialists believed it should be considered in determining a person’s ideal weight.There are 3 types of body frames: small, medium and large. Frame size is based on one of the following methods.
Easiest way to find the frame type is by following procedure. Put your pointer finger and thumb on your wrist, wrap it around, if they touch and overlap, you're small framed, if they just meet, you're medium framed and if they don't touch at all, you're large framed. But accuracy of this method is questioned.
So Elbow breadth method is used to determine the frame type. This method also takes the input of Height and gender to determine the Body Frame type. You can become fat or thin ,but your elbow breadth (which is more bone-skin, not  fat-muscle) remains same, compared to wrist measure which may be very difficult to measure especially if the person is above normal weight. Obesity Ganaka uses the elbow method to determine the type of body frame.

Glucose
Depending on HbA1c(Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c compound) value, the values are calculated and  provided using these following formulas:




Hidden Calorie
The Diabetes Ganaka takes the difference between the stated calories and the actual calories then divides it by four to yield grams. It then adds that to the carbohydrate grams listed on the label, giving you your total carbohydrate count. This formula is not perfect; however, it is a very close approximation.
The hidden carbohydrate, glycerin: There is a loophole in the FDA restrictions that allow manufacturers to leave glycerin off the labels of their products. The listed fiber count is sometimes higher than the "missing calories" difference between the numbers.


Note that this calculation will not help you if any of the "hidden" or missing calories are fat or protein; it assumes that all hidden/missing calories are carbs.




IMPORTANT: The 450/500 Rule is useful only for people with type 1 diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes usually produce some insulin naturally, in addition to the insulin they inject, so a total daily insulin dose cannot be calculated reliably.



Calcium metabolism or calcium homeostasis is the mechanism by which the body maintains adequate calcium levels. Derangement of this mechanism lead to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, which both can have important consequences for health.

Sources
Diabetic Gourmet Magazine
Global Rph
Healthy by kiona
Anthony Blogs  
American Diabetes association 
Pumper 
Fitness and freebies
Diabetes self Management

ReferenceCurt L. Rohlfing, BES, Hsiao-Mei Wiedmeyer, MS, Randie R. Little, PHD, Jack D. England, Alethea Tennill, MS and David E. Goldstein, MD "Defining the Relationship Between Plasma Glucose and HbA1c, Analysis of glucose profiles and HbA1c in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial," Diabetes Care 25:275-278, 2002